In 2009, FANTA, in partnership with the Center for Global Health and Development at Boston University and the Institute of Social and Medical Studies in Vietnam, conducted a study to determine whether HIV-positive women in two Vietnamese cities with high HIV prevalence, Haiphong and Ho Chi Minh City, could safely follow the advice of health care providers to provide replacement feeding to their infants. The study report explores informants’ reported practices and makes recommendations to the Government of Vietnam that include policy and capacity-strengthening actions to support the greatest likelihood of HIV-free survival of children.