This report, developed in collaboration with FANTA partner University of California, Davis, and published in Maternal and Child Nutrition, examined the potential role of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) in meeting the nutritional needs of vulnerable groups, such as infants and children 6–24 months and pregnant and lactating women, with the goal of preventing malnutrition in populations affected by emergencies. The research addresses the desired nutritional formulation of LNS for these target groups; the recommended chemical forms of the fortificants in LNS; stability and shelf life considerations; production, packaging, and distribution of LNS in the context of emergencies; and cost implications of adding LNS to current general food distribution rations for vulnerable groups. The report also serves as a starting point for considering incorporating LNS in food packages provided in emergency settings.